Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part D (2025)

Pediatric dyslipidemias are rare and often discovered incidentally. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with severe familial hypertriglyceridemia, revealed at one month of age by a lactescent serum during evaluation for jaundice. Her lipid profile showed total cholesterol at 14 g/L and triglycerides at 18 g/L, with markedly elevated transaminases. The diagnosis was mixed hypertriglyceridemia, type V according to Fredrickson. Management included a low-fat diet restricting unsaturated fatty acids and simple sugars, combined with statin therapy between 4 and 6 months of age. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and limitations of dietary management in an African setting, especially in the absence of overt clinical signs. Adherence by the family, the child, and school staff is essential to ensure the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment, which often remains the only viable option before the age of six.