Nitin, Gurmeet Singh and Preeti Malhotra
Background: Cord blood HbA1c levels could be used as reliable laboratory parameters to reflect the long-term blood glucose control status and predict the risk of diabetic complications. Neonates of diabetic mothers were at risk of developing respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia, birth trauma, and certain birth defects.
Method: Study Design: – Prospective observational study
A total of 66 infants born to diabetic mothers were analysed in Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar, India. Umblical cord blood sampling was done from placental side of the cord and was sent for estimation of HbA1c levels. HbA1c was done by ion exchange HPLC. Blood glucose level was monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours of life along with clinical and chemical parameters to evaluate respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia, birth trauma, and certain birth defects.
Results: Out of total 66 mothers, 84.84% were GDM and 15.15% were overt diabetic mothers. Mean cord blood HbA1c levels in study group was 6.47±0.67. After correlation of cord blood HbA1c levels with blood glucose levels of neonates at 0 and 2 hours of life, with a mean cord blood HbA1c of 6.3±0.93%. We found that there was statistically significant negative correlation between cord blood HbA1c and blood sugar levels with Pearson correlation coefficient (r) - 0.6 and p value 0.01.
Objectives: To correlate cord blood HbA1c levels with hypoglycaemia in neonates born to diabetic mothers.
Conclusions: Neonates with higher cord blood HbA1c levels have a particularly high risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Cord blood HbA1c levels can be used as an indicator for neonates born to diabetic mothers who are at risk of developing hypoglycemia and other outcomes like respiratory distress, hypercalcemia, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, etc.
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