Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part D (2024)

Introduction: Anemia in children, often resulting from one or more underlying factors, can negatively impact on their wellbeing. The condition not only affects their overall health but also hampers their physical growth and mental development. Additionally, their weakened immune system makes them more vulnerable to infections and increases their risk of death.
Materials and Methods: A clinical examination and laboratory investigations were conducted on 200 children. These investigations involved a complete blood count, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, a stool examination for parasites, and blood tests to measure serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation.
Results: The study group comprised 40% male and 60% female children. The majority of children (34%) were in the age group of 12-23 months, followed by 22.7% in the 1-11 month age group, and 18.7% in the 24-35 month age group. The most common presenting symptoms were diarrhea (16%), respiratory tract infections (10%), and asthma (4.7%). The majority of children were assessed to be well-nourished.
Conclusion: A lack of iron, whether from dietary sources or supplements, is a primary cause of anemia in children below the age of five. Educating parents and pregnant women about the importance of health, hygiene, sanitation, and proper nutrition is essential to prevent this condition.